Which of the following was an effect that the Crusades had on Muslim kingdoms?

The crusades affected Europeans and Muslims very differently. For the former, their expulsion from the Middle East in 1291 was a temporary setback on the road to world hegemony. The Islamic world, on the other hand, began a process of cultural decline despite its victory over the Crusaders.

Explanation:

“the iliad” (gr: “iliás”) is an epic poem by the ancient greek poet homer, which recounts some of the significant events of the final weeks of the trojan war and the greek siege of the city of troy (which was also known as ilion, ilios or ilium in ancient times).

they lost control of territory in the middle east, but preserved turkey's political independence.