After the Civil War, laws known as "black codes" were passed in many states in the South. The purpose of these laws was to?

They were to reduce the rights of african-americans as much as possible without breaking the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. They primarily made it harder for african-americans to vote and represent themselves in government. Example: A african-american tries to vote but the man who owns the voting booth asks him, "Can you read and write?" Typically the former slaves could not so they would not be allowed to vote there.

The Black Codes were passed to suppress blacks' rights and preserve white peoples' supremacy.

Good luck ^^

d. it adversely affected american productivity

whole lotta ptsd going on