Why did Germany and Ireland produce a great number of immigrants during this time period?

The industrial revolution was a HUGE pull factor for Germany and Ireland immigrants. Along with that, political unrest and famine were pushing immigrants out.

formulating the initial idea for the policy

answer is c.

`stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar current or future case. stare decisis ensures that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, unless overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the us supreme court. simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions.

stare decisis is a latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided".