Why did the crusades happen ? What impact did they have on the Islamic world and in Europe?

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control. There would be eight officially sanctioned crusades between 1095 CE and 1270 CE and many more unofficial ones.

Crusades caused Europeans to be familiar with the East and especially the glorious Islamic civilization and they took advantage of Muslims’ knowledge. This leads to developments that this later had an important role in the Europe progress. In fact, the Crusades caused the transfer of achievements of Islamic civilization into Europe.

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explanation:

i think it is in quadrant 4.

the five year plans were part of a command economy. there was little choice in what would be emphasized for the current 5 year period.

the answer to democracy or totalitarianism is a bit harder. in stalin's time, russia was totalitarian. now that's not entirely true. putin has moved towards at least the boundary.

a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. this may result in the adoption of a new law.