Dr. King recommends direct action from merchants, what was he trying to get them to do?

To create such a crisis that the merchants would be forced to negotiate in good faith.

Explanation: Hopefully this helps you. (pls don't report if this is wrong)

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

basic principles: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, representative democracy, limited government, rule of law, individual rights and responsibilities, consent of the governed, majority rule, popular sovereignty, equal protection.