Explain the social, economic, or political costs of the American Civil War.

The Civil War destroyed slavery and devastated the southern economy, and it also acted as a catalyst to transform America into a complex modern industrial society of capital, technology, national organizations, and large corporations.The Civil War confirmed the single political entity of the United States, led to freedom for more than four million enslaved Americans, established a more powerful and centralized federal government, and laid the foundation for America's emergence as a world power in the 20th century.The total direct cost of the war to the North was about 3.4 billion 1860 -dollars. The expenditure by the federal govern- ment on soldiers' pay plus bounties and the physical machinery of war accounts for a little more than one half of this total.It improved commercial opportunities, the construction of towns along both lines, a quicker route to markets for farm products, and other economic and industrial changes. During the war, Congress also passed several major financial bills that forever altered the American monetary system.

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