How did the introduction of universal public education affect the economies of the United States and Western Europe? The economies were not affected by universal education.

The economies suffered when children left the workforce to attend school.

Countries with universal education showed greater economic progress than countries without it.

The expense of establishing public schools slowed the economies.

a. "how old man winter was driven back” and “ormuzd and arimanes"

biological/genetic factors means they were born or predisposed to have something. nothing can really change it, and you can't really do much to "fix" it. it isn't something learned

these are the biological factors:

adrian is relatively tall and he is on the basketball team

(adrian can't ever stop being tall or force himself to be tall. likely one or both of his parents are tall as well and they passed on the tall gene. he probably does basketball because he is tall)

the rest are environmental/cultural factors. these are things that are taught to us. for example, cynthia wasn't born saving pocket money, her family most likely taught her this (environmental factor)

hope this !

i believe it is the second one.   if correct plz mark brainliest.

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