What three (3) civilizations did the Islamic empires take knowldege from, providing a bridge during the Dark Ages in Europe

Which is one reason many african nations have not prospered after gaining independence from european colonial powers? a. colonial powers sent their weakest economic advisors to the new countries, and their recommendations were flawed. b. independence left them with weak economies, and many countries have been unable to overcome or recover from these burdens. c. the desert region of the interior is inhospitable to foreign investors, and business interests focused on the coastal mediterranean cities. d. the money endowed upon independence is still tied up in the bank of england, which is hesitant to make loans to struggling nations.

Reformers worked to change schools by making them more:

Which foreign policy initiative countered the spread of soviet influence by restricting the spread of communism? a. roosevelt corollary b. truman doctrine c. nullification proclamation d. good neighbor policy