After the Umayyad caliphate lost control of its middle eastern territories , it’s leaders

How is thomas jefferson related to the war of 18122 a. during his term, he made defense cuts that left americans at a military disadvantage b. as madison’s vice president, he served as a commander in chie c. he convinced congress to declare war though his propaganda efforts d. he authored the treaty ghent which ends the war

Wich area did the quakers settle in

Why did some states believe they had the power to overturn federal laws?