Q: Mention any two contributions of Ummayads and Abbasids each

How did conservatism affect the nationalist movements in europe?

John locke viewed the social contract as a choice or "consent of the governed", where the people possess the power to change government. how did thomas hobbes see the social contract? man is born in chains, but can be set free through good deeds. man is born happy, but becomes more miserable as he ages. man is born poor, but can rely on other individuals for security. man is born selfish, but can give up some freedom in return for security provided by the government.

The stamp act: was passed by parliament in 1776 caused the boston massacre was the first direct tax levied by england on the colonists sparked protest in the colonies