Under the leadership of Samuel Gompers of the American federation of labor, membership in the union

Leader Samuel Gompers, admitted only skilled laborers, each field with their own union, focused on bread and butter issues like higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions, and favored collective bargaining.

Explanation:

"the royal proclamation of 1763"

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.