What major setback occurred less than two months after the Soviet Union successfully tested their nuclear bomb, triggering panic across the United States and the Western World, especially among foreign policy makers

The Soviet Union successfully tested their nuclear bomb.

Explanation:

In 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The entry of the United States into Japan ended the opportunities of the Soviet Union to hold its power in East Asia. After the United States, Russia came into the same field by becoming second to produce atom bombs. By 1949, Soviet Russia possessed the atomic bomb. By 1953, the United States and the Soviet Union had the hydrogen bomb. The Soviet Union interest in atom bombs, increasing the arms race between the two nations and triggering U.S. worries.

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