I think I should give the reason for my being in Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the argument of “outsiders coming in.” . . . Several months ago our local affiliate here in Birmingham invited us to be on call to engage in a nonviolent direct action program if such were deemed necessary. We readily consented and when the hour came we lived up to our promises. So I am here, along with several members of my staff, because we were invited here. I am here because I have basic organizational ties here. –“Letter from Birmingham Jail,”
Martin Luther King Jr.

According to the letter, why was King in Birmingham?

He had decided on his own to run a protest.
He had been asked to help stage a protest.
He had lived in that city earlier in his life.
He was a member of that community.

He had been asked to help stage a protest.

Explanation:

According to the excerpt from “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” by Martin Luther King Jr, he talks about clearing the air about why he was in Birmingham, and said he was invited by their "local affiliate" in Birmingham who asked that he should be in the city in case a non violent protest was needed.

Therefore, according to the letter, King was in Birmingham because he had been asked to help stage a protest.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

the reform movements that arose during the antebellum period in america focused on specific issues: temperance, abolishing imprisonment for debt, pacifism, antislavery, abolishing capital punishment, amelioration of prison conditions (with prison's purpose reconceived as rehabilitation rather than punishment), the humane treatment of animals, the humane and just treatment of native americans, the establishment of public institutions for the care of the destitute, orphans, blind, and mentally ill, the establishment of public schools, the abolition of tobacco use, vegetarianism, health reform, homeopathic medicine, woman's rights (including, at first, especially the establishment of a woman's right to own property apart from her husband and her right to sue for divorce), and the amelioration of labor conditions (including higher pay, the right to form unions, the right to strike, and the demand for limits on the number of work hours, and safe working conditions).

explanation: