The great society programs affirmative action and title I X legislation were intended to

Programs such as affirmative action and Title IX Legislation were intended to equalize the playing field for minorities who have historically faced disparities. For example, African-Americans have affirmative action in college admissions because for many years, institutions barred them on the basis of race; it was intended to provide equal opportunities regardless of background. Furthermore, Title IX legislation changed the scope of gender roles and views on race and LGBTQ+ individuals. Organizations could not bar them solely on the basis of perceptions and societal attitudes.

The answer is d. depriving colonists of trial by jury.