Document 1 Source:Advice given in 1500 by the Muslim merchants of Calicut to the Hindu ruler of Calicut cocerning the arrical of the second Portuguese expedition to the city. Recorded in the HIstory of the Discovery and Conquest of India by the Portuguese by Fernao Lopes de castanheda, a Portuguese historian, published in 1551

Your Majesty: we are astonished that you should lower yourself by receiving these Portuguese enemies into your kingdom, who seem to be pirates rather than merchants. We, your Muslim subjects, have always been loyal to you and have brought valuable foreign merchandise to this country and have exported its native products to increase your revenue greatly. You appear to forget all this, by receiving those newcomers into your favor asif your own numerous and faithful subjects were incompetent for the purpose. In this you dishonor yourself, and embolden these strangers to hold your power in contempt.

The true intent of the Portuguese in coming into these seas is to take possession of your city, and not to trade for spices as they pretend. The place you have given them for a trading post, whey will convert into a fort, from where they will make war on you when you least expect it. We say these things to you out of good will rather than out of any desire for profit: for if you do not listen to our advice, there are other cities in India’s Malabar Coast from which we can conduct or trade in spices

1a. What is the source of the document?

1b. Who is doing the speaking?

1c. Who is being spoken to by the speaker?

1d. What is the main idea of the document?

1e. Prove the following statement; “No matter the decision the Hindu ruler of Calicut makes, he will still lose?