The Catholic Church considered a heretic to be anyone who

Anyone who held religious ideas rejected by Church authorities.

Explanation:

Muslims continued to rule Jerusalem, but they allowed Christian pilgrims free access to the city. European Christians to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Catholic Church considered a heretic to be anyone who held religious ideas rejected by Church authorities.

the completion of the erie canal spurred the first great westward movement of american settlers, gave access to the rich land and resources west of the appalachians and made new york the preeminent commercial city in the united states.

it further strained relations between the north and the south and convinced