In regards to commercial relations between the Atlantic to the South China Sea, 1) Islamic and Jewish merchants in the Egyptian center were wholesalers who
organized the distribution of raw materials;
2) The Volga route connected Russian merchants with Seljuk Turks for furs and
glassware;
3) The silk road connected Europe with East Africa for ivory and slaves:
4) Europe became more isolated as non-western nations rose in world affairs.