Examples of herd behavior/ mob mentality of the Red Scare? (McCarthyism)

Which statement describes an important outcome of the congress of vienna? a. napoleon launched his final european military campaigns. b. european states had their borders clearly defined. c. jewish people were given equal right in germanic states d. the slave trade became increasingly important to european economies.

In italy, the distance between milan in the north and palermo,sicily, in the south is about 550 miles. in the united states, the distance betweenboston, massachusetts, and savannah, georgia, is about 900 miles. do you think the american revolutionaries of 1776 in the 13 colonies faced some of the same challenges as the patriots who struggled for italian unity in the 1860s?  

Was the civil war inevitable? could anything have been done through compromise to stop it, or did it have to happen?