Why did independent city-states emerge in ancient Greece?

The physical topography of the Mediterranean area is most likely responsible for the development of Greek city-states. The environment is characterized by rugged, steep terrain and a large number of islands. As a result of these physical obstacles, population centers were geographically separated from one another. The sea was often the most convenient mode of transportation from one location to another.

Explanation:

Hope this helps! (Can I have a )

the answer is c my brotha. c.   formed an alliance with the soviet union.

the first forms of writing came from them in the form of pictographs around 3100 bc.