Why were european observers awed by the ottoman and mughal empires? were the reasons similar or different in the two cases?.

monopolies  came to the united states with the colonial administration. the large-scale public works needed to make the new world hospitable to old world immigrants required large companies to carry them out. these companies were granted exclusive contracts for these works by the colonial administrators. even after the american revolution, many of these colonial holdovers still functioned due to the contracts and land

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very positive impact on our industries in the west, sine they promoted settlement and increased the ways in which goods could be transported to market.  

result of the incas claiming exclusive right over numerous traditional routes, some of which had been constructed centuries earlier mostly by the wari empire

d. islands off the coast of newfoundland