13. Which of the following is NOT a push factor in terms of migration?

What are the following? This sounds like a multiple choice question but you didn't include any choices to pick. I would say that push factors are generally negative like no jobs, bad climate, or some other reason that makes you want to move away. Pull factors are thing that draw you to a place and make you want to move there. Like if there's a cool new house you like, or a new job oppurtunity.

so what is your question?

in the 1800s, chinese workers migrated to the united states, first to work in the gold mines, but also to take agricultural jobs, and factory work, especially in the garment industry. chinese immigrants were particularly instrumental in building railroads in the american west, and as chinese laborers grew successful in the united states, a number of them became entrepreneurs in their own right. as the numbers of chinese laborers increased, so did the strength of anti-chinese sentiment among other workers in the american economy. this finally resulted in legislation that aimed to limit future immigration of chinese workers to the united states, and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the united states and china.