1. Most African nations gained independence after World War II. In some cases, independence was achieved through peaceful means. In other cases, independence was achieved by violent means, and violence continued in the years after independence. What colonial policies or practices played a part in peaceful or violent transitions to self-rule?

Igor stravinksy’s ballet, the rite of spring, featured clashing music, harsh sounds and deliberately ugly dancing. upon its premier, theater goers literally rioted in the seats of the venue. historians argue this moment is a “breaking point” where europe proves it is destined to be plunged into world war i. why would historians make such a claim? a people were genuinely angry that someone so bad at composing could make a ballet b the ballet represents colonialism. it showed the consequences of centuries of exploitation of non-european people. c the ballet represents the changing ideologies of modernity. the youth of europe breaking all the old rules and the old guard clinging on to the last bits of power d the ballet represents war itself. it drudged up old rivalries between the french and german peoples, inciting the lust for combat.