(b) Study Sources A and B, then answer the question that follows. Source A: From the memoirs of a British journalist who witnessed the Battle of Passchendaele. They were published in 1923.

Heavy rain turned the battlefield into a huge swamp. Our artillery had created thousands of shell craters, then the German guns made thousands more. Eventually these craters linked together and became filled with slimy water and dead bodies. Our infantry were ordered to advance with all their kit, which included heavy tools, guns and grenades. It was hard for them to keep upright on the narrow, slimy boards that were laid across the mud.

Source B: From the memoirs of a British officer who fought at Passchendaele. They were published in 1968.

On the morning of our attack, some of my men looked terribly ill. Their tired faces were unshaven and dirty because there was no clean water. Because they hadn’t changed their clothes for weeks, their shirts were full of lice. Our progress was slow and difficult. We had to move in single file on wooden tracks. If you slipped off, you went up to your knees in mud.

How far does Source A support the evidence of Source B about the problems faced by British soldiers during the Battle of Passchendaele? Explain your answer. (8)

to protect the united states' role as a world leader, president truman wanted to prevent the soviet union from spreading communism beyond its post-world war ii boundaries. he declared that the united states must assist any nations struggling to prevent a communist takeover.

your answer is

relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.

where is the passage?