What is Social
Hierarchy

First, inherent to the definition of a social hierarchy is the stratified ranking of group members along a valued dimension, with some members being superior or subordinate to others, and fewer members occupying the highest positions. It also refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power.

Social stratification is the division of a society's population into groups based on socioeconomic variables such as wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, employment, social position, or derived power.

the answer is a. apartheid.

companies passed on production and transportation costs to consumers