39. What best explains how the idea expressed in this excerpt is reflected in United States To what expedient then shall we finally resort for maintaining in
practice the
necessary partition of power among the several departments, as
laid down in
the constitution? The only answer that can be given is ... by so
contriving
the interior structure of the government, as that its several
constituent parts
may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other
in their
proper places.
- James Madison, Federalist No. 51, 1788
a. The Constitution can be changed through the amendment process.
b. Civil liberties protect individuals from government abuse of power.
c. Citizens have the right to vote ineffective representatives out of office
d. Power is divided into separate branches that check and balance each other.

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.  

it increased the power of the king of england.

a they donate money to humanitarian causes

c   they volunteer to alleviate suffering

d   they blame all muslims for not being able to keep their fellow muslims in line.