Which of the following was not true of serfs?
a. serfs were valuable sources of labor to their landlords.
b. some serfs had their own small farms, where they grew food to feed their families.
c. all serfs were created equal and had no freedom.
d. serfs gave landlords crops and labor in return for protection.

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.

patriotism is when people have love and devotion for their country.

explanation: