How were the trade systems of the early river valley civilizations organized?

What motivated germany to make an alliance with austria-hungary?   a.  fear of aggression from the united states      b.  fear of aggression from france      c.  the desire to invade russia      d.  fear of aggression from england

The belief that war often drives civil modifications to a society is based upon the evidence that in times of external conflict, a society is forced to abandon long held discriminatory values to:

Why caused john quincy adams to write the monroe doctrine?