How long before columbus first came to what he called the new world had people lived in north and south america?
no one lived in the americas before columbus arrived.
people lived in the americas for 10-15 years before columbus arrived.
people had lived in the americas for tens of thousands of years before columbus arrived.

when a country suffers, for example, a drought period, the market product is affected for a low offer, in this case, potatoes; the government has to tax to the households, which have to give more money for the potatoes which they consume, that situation make them consume substitute goods even through loans, it could increase the financial market movement and the inflationary phenomena, the business has to increase salaries in order to the employees could buy a more expensive food (potatoes) and in order to inflation tha business had to buy expensive supplies in the factor market, while the rest of the world have to gain more money to consume the same amount of potatoes.