How did the second great schism affect church authority and power and contribute to the end of medieval europe

How might the first nations have reacted when they saw that the europeans were moving onto their lands and disrupting their way of life? (this was when the europeans came to canada and tried to claim land to themselves)

The political cartoon below was drawn by thomas nast in 1871: a political cartoon shows a heavy set man with a long nose and a beard in a suit and vest. he is smoking a cigar and has a menacing expression. he leans against a large box that says, in counting there is strength. on top of that box is a smaller container labeled, the ballot. dialogue under the cartoon reads, thats whats the matter. boss tweed, as long as i count the votes, what are you going to do about it? say? public domain what issue does this cartoon address?

Who created the continental drift theory?