Why were jobs in public office held only by the gentry? candidates had to pay to hold office. many official jobs were voluntary positions. campaigning for elections was very expensive. office holders had to pass educational tests.

D) Office holders had to pass educational tests.

Explanation:

The gentry people in the middle ages were the wealthy planters, merchants, ministers and royal officers, they had to take educational tests to actually hold office, and only people with big fortunes or middle class could actually afford an education, this made it hard for people to actually be able to hold office since the amount of people that were educated was really low.

the language dates from the contacts of arabian traders with the inhabitants of the east coast of africa over many centuries. under arab influence, swahili originated as a lingua franca used by several closely related bantu-speaking tribal groups.

the answer is a. mothma gupta.