The ottoman empire was headquartered in the city of

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

explanation:

the results of roman expansion produced social conflict and civil war. julius caesar gained power and became a dictator but was then assassinated. the reign of augustus began a long period of imperial rule and peace in the roman empire. rome faced the problems of how to maintain peace, law, and order.

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