This was a group founded in texas in 1886 by african american farmers who sought to keep rich companies from taking their profits.

This was the Alliance of Colored Farmers of Texas. This was the forerunner to the larger Colored Farmers' Alliance groups. In addition, this was in response to the color bar set against black farmers by the Southern Farmers' Alliance groups, many of whose members felt that the former slaves were better off being in bondage.

(c) spain left the philippines to the usa