The first europeans to make contact with the ming dynasty were the
a. portuguese.
c. english.
b. spanish.
d. french.

The first Europeans to have contact with the Ming Dynasty were the Portuguese.
It was Hongwu to rule first the Ming dynasty and had taken the Mongols out of China.  The said Dynasty rose after the effort exerted by the Chinese to take away the Mongols who tried to invade. Ming dynasty was so full politically. The dynasty constitute of politically strict leaders
The trade during the Ming dynasty was based on foreign isolation that only the government can made trades with the foreign countries.

The dethroned emperor!