The replacement of massive stonework with an almost lacy play of thin columns was, in the gothic period, enabled by the development of

john maynard keynes developed new economic theories in response to the : b) great depression of the 1930s. his theories are so important that they are known as "keynesianism". in his works he supports the idea of a government with deeper involvement and intervention to end the great depression.

a system of cooperative federalism emerged, as the powers of the federal government expanded.