This is the name of thomas hobbes 1651 book that deals with the structure and nature of society and government, and which was an influence on john locke and other enlightenment-era philosophers.

the protestant reformation's started in 1517, disturbing the religious and political order in europe´s catholic countries. the outcome was the european wars of religion prosecuted in europe in the 16th, 17th and part of the 18th century. nonetheless, uprisings, territorial disputes, and great power conflicts were also causes of the wars.  

b) race riots in several cities