The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution were undermined by all of the following except a) jim crow laws. b) literacy tests. c) plessy v. ferguson. d) brown v. board of education.

explanation:

hitler's  "rise" can be considered to have ended in march 1933, after the reichstag adopted the enabling act of 1933 in that month. president paul von hindenburg had already appointedhitler  as chancellor on 30 january 1933 after a series of parliamentary elections and associated backroom intrigues.