How was the relationship between a frankish king and the pope beneficial to both?

Which of the following was a difficulty faced by the ottoman empire in the 1700s and 1800s?   a.  financial independence      b.  lack of trained artisans      c.  refusal to trade with other nations      d.  rebelling ethnic groups

In an economic downturn, what can happen in countries that depend on high taxes to fund social programs?

Which form of government have the african nations had since independence?