The excerpt below is from "of mr. booker t. washington and others" in the souls of black folk by w. e.b. du bois: mr. washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things,— first, political power, second, insistence on civil rights, third, higher education of negro youth,—and concentrate all their energies on industrial education, and accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the south. this policy has been courageously and insistently advocated for over fifteen years, and has been triumphant for perhaps ten years. as a result of this tender of the palm-branch, what has been the return? in these years there have occurred: 1. the disfranchisement of the negro. 2. the legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the negro. 3. the steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of the negro. these movements are not, to be sure, direct results of mr. washington's teachings; but his propaganda has, without a shadow of doubt, their speedier accomplishment. the question then comes: is it possible, and probable, that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meager chance for developing their exceptional men? if history and reason give any distinct answer to these questions, it is an emphatic no. what does dubois conclude is the cause of economic progress?