How did congress react to the black codes of the 1860s?

The reaction of Congress to the Black Codes was generally very negative. The Radical 39th Congress reconvened in December 1865, and it was furious about the Black Codes and the changes that had taken place in the South during Johnson's presidency. The public opinion in the North was similarly outraged, as they believed that the Black Codes and other similar restrictions attempted to negate the results of the war and the equality that Black people had achieved. In order to reverse these changes, Congress passed several laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the Fourteenth Amendment and the Second Freedmen's Bureau Bill.

b.   jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.