The monroe doctrine can be viewed as a moral opposition to

b.europe i believe because north america has 3 countries in a way and with all the stuff with illegal immagrants from mexico or whatever so i would say europe.

the best description of postwar writers might be progressive.

following the war, writers showed a tendency to work on artistic or social matters rather than political themes. while postwar literature may not have been the greatest period of english literature, the themes provided excellent critics a high number of novels. such examples include anthony burgess, anthony powell and frank kermode, all of which can be placed under the progressive view.