Joseph ii was considered the most radical of the enlightened despots because he a. reorganized the prussian government's civil service and simplified laws. b. granted nobles a written charter of rights. c. expanded his empire and strengthened the monarchy. d. dealt directly with his subjects to understand their problems.

D. Dealt directly with his subjects to understand their problems.

Explanation:

Joseph Second was the holy roman Emperor and the ruler of Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death. He was the son of Queen Maria Theresa and shared power with his mother after his father's death, when her mother died, he became the absolute ruler of Habsburg and brought new reforms and issued at least 690 decree in a year. His reforms included ending press censorship, limiting the power of the catholic church and abolishing serfdom. He issued an edict of toleration and gave freedom to Jews, Greek Orthodox and protestants the ability to live and worship. He was called enlightened despot because of his open-minded reforms. His main goal was to make the empire efficient and financially secure. Nobles and Clergy of holy roman empire felt threatened by his reforms.

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the influence of daoism, buddhism, and legalism on chinese culture. unlike confucianism, daoism looked to nature rather than human beings as the source of morality. according to laozi, human society has to conform to the dao (the way), or the essential unifying element of all that is. some interpret dao as nature.