Which statement best reflects an effect of
imperialism in africa?
(1) land was distributed equally between social
classes.
(2) territorial divisions were primarily established using tribal boundaries.
(3) natural resources were exploited for the
benefit of european powers.
(4) timbuktu became the center of great
learning.

The best answer is (3)

African countries were divided into pieces by European nations among themselves without the consent of the African people.  This was done with the aim of exploitation to get raw materials to feed the mother industries of Europe  during the industrial revolution in the European nations.

African lands are rich in natural resources, and this is why Europeans went to so much trouble to rob and plunder them. One does not go to poor places for self enrichment.  The wealth generated by Europe never came back to Africa to help build it up.

pan-africanism or pan-africanism is a political, philosophical, cultural and social movement that promotes african twinning, the defense of the rights of african people and the unity of africa under a single sovereign state, for all africans, both africa as of the african diasporas.

wisdom

explanation:

the fact that that the teachings on the cosmic order comes from, or through, the heart center