Which of the following has not aided historians in dating events in the remote past?
a. geological stratification
b. radioactive dating
c. written records
d. astrophysical theory

The correct answer is D. Astrophysical theory.

Explanation

Astrophysical theories are theories that are built based on the development, composition, and structure of the stars, for example, the moon, the planets, the sun, the stars, among others. Astrophysics is related to astronomy and the phenomena of the universe and their study. Therefore, it is not a useful tool for the study of the remote past because it focuses more on the matter and chemical and physical behavior of the stars than the evolution of the human and the communities, which is the focus of history and historians. So, the correct answer is D. Astrophysical theory.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

a molly pitcher

b martha washington

c betsy ross