American indian groups reacted to the indian removal act of 1830 by

The native American population was at war with the white settlers/American Federal Government for 400 years roughly. They opposed it as did missionaries and people of the North. Davy Crocket was one of the people in congress who opposed it.

It required them to cede the land they had east of the Mississippi and take land (inferior) west of the Mississippi. They followed what became known as the Trail of Tears.

The answer is d. spain.