1. Mass development of farm labor saving machines --- Agricultural revolution
2. Money, equipment, and other assets --- Capital
3. Joined England and U.S. by telegraph wire --- Trans-Atlantic cable
4. First one built with crushed rock --- Cumberland Road
5. Spread of telegraph from the East to California --- Transcontinental telegraph
Explanation:
1- The Agricultural Revolution describes a period of agricultural development in Great Britain that spanned from the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, during which time there was a very high increase in agricultural productivity, yield and total production. These events caused an unprecedented population increase, freeing a significant percentage of the population from the countryside, which constituted the labor force of the Industrial Revolution.
2- In economics, the definition of capital is not specific. Strictly speaking, capital is an accounting abstraction: it is the assets and rights, less debts and obligations, of which the capitalist is the owner. Thus it is said that a company is capitalized or capital is increased when its assets increase or its liabilities decrease or new contributions from partners are incorporated or the debt balance with third parties is reduced. When the liability is higher than the asset, the economic unit is said to be in a situation of negative capital.
However, under the vulgar approach, capital is understood as a mere material component of production, basically constituted by machinery, tools or facilities, which, in combination with other factors, such as labor, raw materials and intermediate goods, allows creating consumer goods.
3- The Trans-Atlantic Cable is a sea cable for telecommunications laid over the Atlantic. Often, the Atlantic cable is meant to be the first transatlantic cable that was laid in 1866 between Ireland and Newfoundland, intended for telegraph traffic. Prior to its creation, communication between Europe and America could only take place by ship, which usually took at least ten days. The cable reduced the time to a few minutes so that a question could be telegraphed across the Atlantic and the answer telegraphed back the same day. In the 1870s, dual and quadruple broadcast and receive systems were set up, which could transmit multiple messages simultaneously over the cable.
4- Cumberland Road is a historic highway in the United States. Today it is merged into Route 40.
The Cumberland Road was built between 1811-1817 and was the first federal-funded road. It created a route from the Atlantic coast to the new state of Ohio, and for years was the most important route to the Northwest Territory.
The road was paved with a new method developed by John Loudon MacAdam using rock crushed stone. So it became strong enough to withstand the wagons and carts of the newcomers.
5- On October 24, 1861, Western Union finished installing the first transcontinental telegraph line across the United States, making possible real-time communication from end to end of the country for the first time in history. Before that time, it took 10 days to get a letter from Missouri to California using the Pony Express service. Interestingly, Pony Express announced its closure 2 days after the inauguration of the transcontinental telegraph service although the reason was the lack of profitability.
