When does a surplus exist? when new products are brought to the market for sale whenever prices drop when there are too few items for the people who want to buy them when there is a greater supply of a good than people want or are able to buy

europeans carried a hidden enemy to the indians: new diseases. native peoples of america had no immunity to the diseases that european explorers and colonists brought with them. diseases such as smallpox, influenza, measles, and even chicken pox proved deadly to american indians

the flooding of the nile was not a perfect occurrence. this gave rise to the belief in the gods and a highly stratified social structure. at the top of the social structure were gods such as ra and osiris because the egyptians believed that they controlled the universe. the egyptians tried their best to the gods because if they were happy, then the nile would flood producing an abundance of crops and preventing famine. after the gods came the pharaohs in social status. the egyptian people believed the pharaoh to be a god in mortal form. they had absolute power over the dominion which required protection through the of government officials and soldiers. the rest of the people’s status went in the order of scribes, merchants, artisans, farmers, and finally slaves.