In the in 1848, the u. s. acquired all or part of california, arizona, and nevada, as well as several other states.
a. treaty of guadalupe hidalgo
c. louisiana purchase
b. civil war
d. the california gold rush

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.