Which of the following was an effect that the crusades had on muslim kingdoms? a. it united them in defense against the crusaders. b. it caused them to end most trade with the west. c. it started a reformation of the muslim religion. d. it led them to fight each other in civil war.

Which geographic process is shown in this chart? (3 points) redlining gentrification filtering ghettoization suburbanization

Which of these events related to the protestant reformationoccurred first in 1521?

The quote below is an excerpt from the charter of the united nations: "the purposes of the united nations are: to maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace . " source:this section implies that the united nations is prepared to do what to keep world peace?