How did portugal gain an empire in brazil?
a. portuguese mariners were first to explore the amazon basin
b. the treaty of trodesillas, designed to divide the atlantic between spain and portugal, unintentionally granted brazil to portugal
c. brazilian natives successfully resisted spanish invaders
d. the spanish had no interest in south america initially

in the 1800s, chinese workers migrated to the united states, first to work in the gold mines, but also to take agricultural jobs, and factory work, especially in the garment industry. chinese immigrants were particularly instrumental in building railroads in the american west, and as chinese laborers grew successful in the united states, a number of them became entrepreneurs in their own right. as the numbers of chinese laborers increased, so did the strength of anti-chinese sentiment among other workers in the american economy. this finally resulted in legislation that aimed to limit future immigration of chinese workers to the united states, and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the united states and china.

a case involving the laws of a single state.