How does the florida constitution guarantee basic rights and freedoms for all floridians?

It guarantees it through the Declaration of Rights

It is a part of the Florida constitution that lists all the basic rights and liberties of all citizens of Florida. It is very similar to the federal constitution since the rights and liberties are universal throughout the United States. All citizens of Florida are guaranteed to have their rights because of this on the territory of Florida.

They made a checks and balance system to equal power within the branches. the "check" meant that one branch would watch one branch and "balance" them if they were too powerful. if you want more info on this, i would just google checks and balance system.